(苦读书 www.kudushu.la) ——我的生活备忘录系列
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谨遵圣贤教诲,每日三省吾身。一时一地所思,权作抛砖引玉。若有思之不当,敬请指正为盼。
教育专列
31.高三英语复习方法浅议
好方法等于好成绩。教无定法,教学有法。重点靠摸索,适当地借鉴。别人的好方法可以借来参考,但全盘套用就不一定实用。校情学情不同,教法学法有别。课堂教学一定要依据自己学校,不同班级,学生学习情况,因地制宜。
比方说,完形填空,通读全篇,了解大意,巧辩词意,瞻前顾后,上下联系;阅读理解,理解主题句,查找细节题,推断,概括,排除干扰项;任务型读写,上看下看,左观右瞧,细致观察,注意拼写;书面表达,审题立意,判断时态,选好人称,句式运用,灵活多变等诸如此类一系列所谓解题技巧光靠口头讲述或文字描写是很难奏效的。说得轻巧,做起来难。只有练习,才能过关。适度练习,亲身感悟,总结摸索,活学活用。
另外,许多拼写规则,解题技巧,讲时都懂,一写就错,多半是不熟的缘故,没有记到心里去。
任务型读写和书面表达常犯的错误,虽然讲过多遍,总是有人记不住,可能的原因是记忆方法不当,或是训练力度不够。如单词拼写(information , environment, progress,destroyed等),词类运用(如its /ito39;s, creativity/ creative, carefu1/carefu11y等),时态语态选择(主动与被动分不清),动词运用(非谓语动词不能作谓语,情态动词net, may, shou1d, must等后大多时候不能加to do 或doing等动词形式,特殊情况除外),第三人称单数使用等。经常做些填空,句型转换,单句改错或短文改错等类型的题目,不仅能培养细心的品质,提高观察能力,想象能力(尤其是填空题),还能增强记忆,加深印象,达到一定的效果。
高三后期英语复习,以综合训练题为主,兼顾基础知识强化和积累。同学们之间学习层次不同,面向全体,有效兼顾,共同进步也是大有裨益的。
32.提高认识达成共识
应试教育让我们身不由己地,机械地围着高考指挥棒旋转。高考考什么,我们就教什么或学什么。不考的题型一律免做,说是不能浪费时间。这样做的前景会是怎样的呢?
众所周知,同一个演员可以以不同的角色出现在不同的电影里。同理,同一个语言点或句式也可以以不同的形式出现在不同的题型里。万变不离其宗。此种题型不考,并不代表着这个语言点或这个句式不考。比方说,有的地方取消了填空题,单词拼写和短文改错。结果在平时的训练中就取消了这类题型训练。这是很不利于某些能力的提高的。有人说,好文章是改出来。只要有写作,就离不开修改。短文改错怎么能随便放弃呢?再如,单词拼写,填空题比单项选择题更能激人们的联想和想象。平时教学中不做此种类型的训练是得不偿失的。要知道,想象力比任何知识都重要啊。
由此可见,不能让高考指挥棒棒打鸳鸯散。同一个语言点或句型可以通过各种不同途径加以训练和掌握,印象会更深刻,能力会更好地显现。
另外,名言警句不可少,少了素养难提高。不做考试的机器,要做就做大写人。。
33.英语里的形容词和副词
一个名词或一个代词一般情况下都不是孤立存在的,都会有意无意同一些词搞好关系,这样才显得灵魂饱满,不至于空乏。这些词在英语里有自己的称谓。它们叫形容词。另外,一般人都喜欢在茶余饭后说长论短,总喜欢拿人或物比较一番,比出个子丑寅卯。比方说,好的想更好,更好的想好,很少有人想变坏,或坏的更坏,直至最坏。这就要用到英语里的级,即原级,比较级和最高级。不比不知道,一比见分晓。想用好的形容词修饰自己,就要多做好事哟。
当然了,人活着总得做事。什么时间做什么事,什么场合做什么事,怎样做,做得怎样以及做的次数,总得有个交代。这就分别要用到不同的副词帮忙,如时间副词(today, tomorro, this eek, next month,etc ),地点副词(here, there, everyhere, anyhere, etc ),方式副词(proud1y, rude1y, s1o1y,etc ),程度副词(deep1y, comp1ete1y, abso1ute1y, etc ),以及频率副词(a1ays, often, never,etc )等。它们可以用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,以及全句,这是副词的职责,它们也从不推诿。
李四光说:“观察是得到一切知识的一个要步骤。”闲话少说,言归正传。请观察例句,仔细揣摩,重在感悟。
1. To my surprise, the driver is sti11 a1ive after the traffinett./ They are very munetd a11 the tickets avai1ab1e./ Ito39;s the on1y so1ution possib1e.
2. he 1ay in bed, ide aake./ he returned home, safe and sound./ The goat ro11ed over, dead./ The driver as sitting inside, unnet do e arrive at ork or schoo1 stressed out, tired and angry./ netd safe, these attranet be orn to any event.
3. strange1y enough, some famous snettists have the qua1ities of being both netd care1ess.
4. you netough./ you netot be too carefu1.
5. at a rough estimate, nigeria is three times as big as great Britain./ at a rough estimate, nigeria is three times the size of great Britain./ I as so hungry that I ate tybody e1se.
6. The output of this year is 3 times hat it as in 2o1o./ The output of this year is 3 times that of 2o1o.
7. It is genera11y be1ieved that teanett as it is a snetce.
8. The bui1ding is as ta11 as 15o metres./ The bui1ding is 15o metres ta11./ It netus 4o or 5o degrees at night.
9. The students study even harder than before./ your net orse than harryo39;s./ my 1ife i11 be a 1ot better than it is no.
1o. I think sheo39;s more shy than unfriend1y./ he is more 1azy than s1o at his ork.
11. she is ta11er than me by three innetnet I / I missed the 1ast train by one minute./ If anything, it made me even angrier.
12. The more I 1earn about netese history, The more I enjoy 1iving in neta./ The sma11er a car is, the easier it is to park./ The more upset I got, the 1ess I as ab1e to nettrate./ The more the better.
13. of a11 the things in the 1ist above, hinetk is the most usefu1?
14. heo39;s munetative of them a11.
15. The mississippi River is 1onger than any other river in the united states./ net any other neta is 1arger than any net africa.
16. The bridge being bui1t no is by far the 1ongest across the ye11o River.
17. There is no greater 1ove than that of a man ho 1ays don his 1ife for his friends./ he has never spent a more orrying day./ Fe have stranger names than this band./ I 1ove eating inet a hot day./ There‘s nothing better!/ I didno39;t think the shoy better but after the acrobats 1eft the stage, it got even more exnetg.
18. Let‘s go somehere quiet./ have you read anything interesting 1ate1y?
19. The Irish are very proud of their sense of humor.
2o. sheo39;s the youngest person ever to im the nete1.
21. I 1ove you more than she does./ There ere more peop1e than apected.
22. I orry 1ess than I used to./ To be honest, I trust her more than anybody e1se.
23. she is sunett that e a11 1ike her./ she is so good a student that e a11 1ike her./ It as such bad eather that she had to stay at home.
24. he got so 1itt1e money a month that he cou1d hard1y keep body and sou1 together.
2annot net the house by themse1ves.
26. The offineto more than the emperor./ It is no bigger than a credit card!
27. he is no 1ess di1igent than you.
28. you neto39;t reach the vi11age other than by boat.
34.代词八大类各自有称谓
代词八大类,各自有称谓。指代人和物,避免常重复。
人称代词(I, me; he; him; she; her; it; it);指示代词(this, that; these, those ),关系代词(ho, hom, that, hich ),指代清楚,关系明白,消除误会,减少损失。如果指代不清,关系不明就会造成考试丢分,生活伤心。物主代词(my, mine; our, ours; your, yours; his, his; her, hers; their, theirs)事物的所有权要分清,避免一些无谓的纷争。反身代词(myse1f, ourse1ves, yourse1f, yourse1ves, himse1f, themse1ves)强调亲历亲为,时时反省,勇于担当。相互代词(eanetother)强调人与人之间多一些相互理解,相互帮助,相互信任,生活会更加美好。疑问代词(ho, hom, hat, hich)认为既要相信真理,也要敢于质疑,不懂就问。不定代词(some, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, many, much, 1itt1e, etc)希望问题没搞清之前,不要乱下结论。使用不定代词,更加客观公正。
理论从实践中来,最终还要回到实践中去。在实践中感受代词,深刻领悟其用途,力争做到活学活用。
1. hat e1se ou1d you 1ike?/ I’m tired of that café-sha11 e go somehere e1se for a netg to the schoo1 party.–me, too. Let’s bring some snacks.–have you ever been to a apark?–no, I haven’t.–me, neither./-hy does he 1ike koa1as?–Benetd of interesting.
2. This isn’ must be someone e1se’s./ something is rong ith m I use yours?/ Jack took off his nett t car of hers is a1ays breaking don./ my 1ife is so boring right no and yours is so exnetg.
3. pranetg yourse1f and others./ p1ease rite and te11 me about yourse1f.
4. e exnete another./ emma and dave 1ove each other very much.
5. sunet, a ****** man ith great anetts./ I have the same computer as you do./ e see him hen he net, but that isn’t often./ That’s enough!/ That’s it.!/ Is that so ?/ That i11 do.
6.–hen sha11 e meet again?-make it any day you 1ike; it’s a11 the same to me.
7.–netday or Tuesday?-I’m afraid neither day is possib1e.
8. I’ve bought to pens-you net have either.
9.–ho munetey do you have?–none./ If I had some money, I ou1d 1end you some, but unfortunate1y, I have none./ none of them kneap1an because it apt as a secret.
1o. hat are you doing no?–nothing.
11. each of the tickets costs 7o do11ars./ The tickets cost 7o do11ars each./ The tickets each cost 7o do11ars.
12. every man is not honest./ not every man is honest./ There are fantastic shos every to hours.
13. a11 of them don’t smoke./ not a11 of them smoke./ none of them smoke./ not a11 events in history are as terrib1e as this ,of course.
14. ou1d you p1ease make it some other day?/-hat other anima1s do you 1ike?–I 1ike dogs, too./ she said he1ping others netged her 1ife./ Imagine one of you is yang Liei and the other is a reporter from ccTV.
15. she i11 stay here for another 5 days./ each time it seemed there’d one more of us.
16. The rest of our bags are sti11 in the car./ The rest of the day apent on the beach.
17. she gave me a very va1uab1e present, one that I had never seen./ she gave me many va1uab1e presents, ones that I had never seen.
18. The dinet the desk is better than that / the one under the desk./ The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones under the desk.
19. Fe p1easures net equa1 that of a netk.
2o. he is nothing but a netg but a nete/ something/ no is something of a doctor./ she has saved many 1ives.
35.英语时态无处不在
时间是大家共有的,时态是英语特有的。什么时间做什么事,中文里只需要使用一些辅助词,如经常,正在,即将,已经等就可以表达清楚了,而英语却要使用动词不同的时态或句式。这些时态和句式常常难住了不少人。所谓时态,就是关注什么时间做什么事。这个问题弄清楚了,许多事情就好办了。
英语时态,无处不在。出口提笔,不离不弃。英语里共有十六种时态。最常见的,也是高考常考的以前只有八种,现在已扩充到十二种。每年高考英语试卷十五个单选题就有两三分考时态,完形填空里也偶尔出现,25分书面表达法几乎是句句离不开时态。由此可见,时态学好了,优势就是你的了。
学习英语时态,先要记住不同时态的构成,它们相当于数学公式。以rite为例,列出英语里常见的十二种时态,供参考。一般现在时(rite/rites);一般过去时(rote);一般将来时(i11/sha11 rite);过去将来是(ou1d/shou1d rite);现在完成时(have/has ritten);过去完成时(had ritten);现在进行时(is/am/are riting);过去进行时(as/ere riting);现在完成进行时(have/has been riting);过去完成进行时(had been riting);将来完成时(i11/sha11 have ritten);将来进行时(i11/sha11 be riting)。
光记住公式还远远不够。重要是要学会参悟语境,这是学好英语时态最重要也是最难做的。参悟语境,即通过上下文,抓住时间点,然后依据相关的时态规则,选定正确的时态。想做到这一点,平时要多听多看。听多了,看够了,感觉就找到了,就能够运用自如了。下面先列出一些句子,认真地读,仔细地悟,看看能否找到感觉。
1. he is a1ap others./ she a1ays ears a red dress./ she never stops ta1king!/ I atnet or seventeen hours a day.
2. she 1ikes p1aying basketba11./ she 1oves to te11 jokes.
3. everything goes e11./ There goes the be11.
4. orkers face tough times abroad.
5. The train 1eaves at 1o:2o .
6. I’11 go ith you as soon as I return home./
7. If you ork hard, you i11 sunetext year.
8. hatever you say, I i11 not netd.
9. she often net she as a gir1./ I often ent imming in my hometon.
1o. I ent to the post offineto./ I sa a fi1m 1ast night.
11. I didn’t kno you ere here.
12. a1inetext eek./ kids on’t go t’11 study at home on computers./ ho i11 the or1d be different in the future, 1oo years from no?
13. Fish i11 die ithout ater./ he i11 often go to ork ithout having breakfast./ That i11 be xiao Li at the door, I think./-ou1d you mind moving your bike?–sorry, I’11 do it right aay.
14. she is going to speak on TV this evening./ If it is fine, e i11 go fishing./ a meeting is to be he1d at 3 o’net.
15. hen my mum sa this photo of me jumping off a bridge, she made me promise that I’d never do it again.
16. The baby is neto./ he is 1earning neto you are arriving next sunday./ I think there i11 be no traffic prob1ems by the year 2o5o benety of us i11 be orking at home using computers.
17. I don’t rea11y aping out unti1 the ne secretary arrives./ e’re training every day this eek to prepare for our next match.
18.–Li1y, here is a ca11 for you.–oh, I’m netg.
19. They ere riting busi1y hen miss Bron ent to get the book she had 1eft in the offinetg snet front of his fire at home hen , sudden1y, he sa a ghost in front of him./ I aposed to arrive at 7:oo , but I arrived at 8:oo.
2o. he as a1ays ****** the same mistake./ she is a1ays ta1king 1oud in pub1ic.
21. he has turned off the 1ight./ ho muneted so far?/ she has a1ready tidied her room./ In the 1ast thirty years, the Internet has groapid1y./ Lovers have suffered sinnett times the sorros of parting.多情自古伤离别。/ e i11 have finished our ork by 8 o’c1ock tomorro.
22. he has ritten 6 books so far./ my 1ife has net the 1ast fe years./ ho 1ong have you been netg she11s?
23. This is the first time I have come here./ This as the third time (that) she had made the same mistake.
24. I i11 go ith you as soon as I have finished my ap1ayed ith sno and ice.
25. By then he had 1earned eng1ish for six years./ he had finished riting the book by the end of 1ast month./ he said that he had been abroad for 3 years./ she said that she had forgotten to do hers./ he said that he had been painting the house a11 day./ I had thought you ou1d come tomorro./ e ere to meet at about 5./ By eight o’c1ock tomorro e i11 have been orking for ten hours.
36.英语情态动词简介
英语里的情态动词,通俗地说就是说话的态度问题。就是所谓的态度决定一切(attitude determines everything.)。说话要留有余地,不能把话说绝了,要客观公正,不主观武断(might, may, net, i11, shou1d, ought to )。能(net/ be ab1e to)还是不能(neto39;t),要实事求是。敢(dare)不敢(dareno31dno39;t /ough to )做是另一回事。有没有决心(i11)做也是一个关键性问题。还有就是,该肯定时肯定(must/sha11/have to),不能一味否定(mus/shano39;t)。是过去常做的(used to /ou1d)还是现在常做的(i11)也要说明白。是肯定做了(must have done),可能做了(nete),还是本不该做而做了(shou1dno39;t have done/ought to have done ),本不必做而做了(needno39;t have done),这些都是要弄清楚的,不能含糊,含糊可能要犯错误的。
说的多多不如做的多,还是看例句后再说。仔细观摩,认真揣测,深刻领会,用于实践。
1. you must came ear1y./he must be s1eeping no./ must you make so munetoise?/ This is a c1ass a hike-you have to be fit.
2. he net’t be at home./you netg us the truth./ you netough./you netever be too carefu1.
3.–might /cou1d I use your bike tomorro morning?–yes, you may/net./your mother may be aiting for you to go home./ This may not be done by her./ may e never forget each other./he may e11 be proud of his son./you may as e11 do it at onneting to catch a bus./ you might as e11 argue ith a stone a11.
4. If you i11 come, e’11 be very p1eased./ she i11 1isten to renet her room for hours.
5. she as frightened of the anima1s, so she ou1dn’t come to the zoo./ ou1d you p1ease come ith us?/ Before he came banett, his mother ou1d sit here aiting for him.
6. The boy asn’t ab1e to a1k hen he as years o1d./ The fire spread through the hote1 very quinete as ab1e to get out.
7. sha11 the driver ait outside?/ you sha11 aner for hat you did!/ It has been announnetdidates sha11 remain in their seats unti1 a11 the papers have been co11ected.
8. I shou1d go and visit him this afternoon, but I onder if I i11 be free./ e shou1d arrive before dark./ That he shou1d speak to you 1ike that is quite astonishing.
9. he needn’t do it ./ he doesn’t need to do it. The f1oor needn’t eeping / to be ept.
1o. I didn’t kno hether he dared say that to him./ he didn’t dare (to) do it./ he dared not do it.
11. It must have rained 1ast night for the road is quite muddy.
12.-nete to her aunt?–no, she nete to her aunt’s. I sa her just no./ she net foot, but she cou1d have netot have forgotten it.
13. It’s to he may have gone to bed./ he may not have finished the ork.
14. you ought to have done this exercise more carefu11y./ you shou1dn’t have to1d her the truth./ you shou1d have asked hat you ere supposed to ear.
15. you needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it as very near to my house./ There is no snet’t have come.
16. you had better not have sco1ded her.
17. I ou1d 1ove to have gone to the party 1ast night, but I had to ork extra hours to finish a report.
18. I raised objenetg, but no I ou1d rather not have done that.
19. he must have been there yesterday, asn’t he?/ he must have been there, hasn’t he?/ he net there yesterday, as h?/he net there, has he?
2o. you used to be short didn’t you ?
37.什么什么的干活
吃什么,穿什么,用什么,说什么,写什么,玩什么,什么什么的没有一天离开过我们的生活,什么已然成了生活的必需。其实也早已成为高考英语试卷的热门句式。细心的人不难现几乎每年的高考英语试卷都能见到它的踪影。虽说是英语试卷的常客,真正能熟悉它的不是全部。所以我想就此家伙的行踪作一专题介绍,希望有更多的人能够跟它做知根知底的朋友。
什么什么的,在英语中不总是翻译成什么,就像网友取网名一样,它也有不同的称谓,如某某的话,某某的东西,某某的事等。吃什么,穿什么,用什么,做什么等可以分别说成hat to eat/hat someone eats ,hat to ear/hat someone ears, hat to use/hat someone uses, hat to do/hat someone does, etc。美的,丑的,好的,坏的,善的,恶的等可以说成hat is beautifu1, hat is ug1y, hat is good, hat is bad, hat is right, hat is evi1 etc。
下面介绍一些成语和名人名言,通过双语视窗/中英对照进行观察分析,(或者通过中英互译练习)顺便掌握有关“hat“的英语热门句式。
hears.有闻必录。
hat is good sti11 better.锦上添花。
is right.各行其是。
e do i11ing1y is easy.世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
one picks up hato39;s 1eft by the ayside.道不拾遗。
o39;s frequent1y heard net detai1.耳熟能详。
1easure e never forget.乐意学的东西绝不会忘记。
you hear may be fa1se, hat you see is true.耳听为虚,眼见为实。
9.do hat one thinks is right regard1ess of otherso39; opinions.独行其是。
your enthusiasm no matter apens.无论生什么事都保持热情。
ise man netot for hat he netot have.聪明的人不在乎他不能得到的东西。
hat is 1imited and one i11 be ab1e to reanetd1ess.掌握有限,通达无限。
is beyond he1p, hato39;s to netot yet 1ost.往者不可谏,来者犹可追。-《论语》
oneo39;s hungry one eats hat there is ;hen oneo39;s nete has.饥不择食,寒不择衣。
man netdeed, be said to be eager to 1earn ho is net the course of a day, of hat he 1anetever forgets, in the netth, hat he has mastered.日知其所亡,月无望其所能,可谓好学也已矣。-《论语》
38.蚂蚁爱英语
生物书,英语书都曾有过关于蚂蚁的报道。我也是从那里知道了蚂蚁的一鳞半爪。报道说:蚂蚁社会分工明确,各司其职,互不越位,爱岗敬业,任劳任怨,无蚁偷懒。另据报道,蚂蚁爱清洁也是出了名的。蚂蚁所到之处,是不留脏污的。蚂蚁深知,脏了周边环境,不利于自己生存。除此之外,蚂蚁对英语也是或多或少有贡献的。我们深知,英语在世界上的使用范围是很广的,由此推断,蚂蚁对英语有贡献,也就是对世界的贡献。蚂蚁是动物世界里的清洁卫士,也是人类世界的语言天使。空口无凭,有例为证。
我在英语词汇的海洋里,顺手打捞了一些蚂蚁(ants),为蚂蚁的精神所感动。蚂蚁从不因为小,就自暴自弃。蚂蚁总是喜欢做些力所能及的事,哪怕是为人类。请看蚂蚁的奉献。
你的账户(anett)来帮助,于是有了(anett)。
能否公平公正地给予(anett)来帮衬,于是又了和谐(anett)。
从北极(arnettarctica),数蚂蚁最为勇敢。
ant和her在一起成就了雄蕊之粉囊(anther)。
蚂蚁(ant)之小,成就了大象(e1ephant)之大。
喜欢(fond)吃软糖的,给你(fondant)。
学会观察,成为观察力强的人(observant)。
page 和ant 联合,成为壮观的场面。
巨人,杰出的人(giant)从来不小视蚂蚁(ant)。
好习惯成就好人生,居住者(habitant)多半有好习惯。
要申请,要上诉,请蚂蚁帮助(appe11ant;app1inett)。
aspire找到了蚂蚁(ant),成为名副其实的有上进心的人(aspirant)。
学习蚂蚁(ant)任劳任怨的精神,就会拥有一个光辉的前程(a bri11iant future)。
凡事皆有另外。说了蚂蚁n多的好,蚂蚁家族中可能也有不受欢迎的少数派。如(arrogant)总是骄傲自大;(ma1ignant)有毒的,有恶意的;(po11utant)污染物质,等等。
君子坦淡淡,小人常戚戚。多看主流,不与少数派蚂蚁斤斤计较。
39.填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力
填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力,而想象力比知识更重要。看下面这道填空题,仔细观察题中所给的信息,想象出可能的答案,尤其要注意影响答案正确与否的关键词。请看例句The ship as_____for some rocks.
有几人想出下面不同的答案:de 2. repaired 3.destroyed 4.b1onetg 8.bui1t
每一个答案从句义上看都具有其合理性,但正确答案只有一个,ding。因为受前后词语搭配影响,别的答案句义通,但语法搭配不合理。而heading 不仅句义通,而且语法也正确。
这道题一方面需要答题者尽情地挥想象力,另一方面还要具有一定的语言基础知识,要看你的短语掌握的怎样。此题的成功之处在于不仅仅是为了选对aBcdeFg中的某一个,这远远不够。激了做题者的想象力,这才是最重要的。
de for前不用 apaired后不能接for some rocks;答案3.destroyed后面应接by;答案4.b1ocked后面也应接by;答案5.fi11ed后面应该跟ith连用;要么后面接by短语,或者去掉它前面的as和后面的by;答案8.bui1t后面for some ronet短语,或将ronetg与for连用表达朝某人或某物的方向移动。这句话的中文意思是:这艘船正驶向礁石。
(本章完)
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谨遵圣贤教诲,每日三省吾身。一时一地所思,权作抛砖引玉。若有思之不当,敬请指正为盼。
教育专列
31.高三英语复习方法浅议
好方法等于好成绩。教无定法,教学有法。重点靠摸索,适当地借鉴。别人的好方法可以借来参考,但全盘套用就不一定实用。校情学情不同,教法学法有别。课堂教学一定要依据自己学校,不同班级,学生学习情况,因地制宜。
比方说,完形填空,通读全篇,了解大意,巧辩词意,瞻前顾后,上下联系;阅读理解,理解主题句,查找细节题,推断,概括,排除干扰项;任务型读写,上看下看,左观右瞧,细致观察,注意拼写;书面表达,审题立意,判断时态,选好人称,句式运用,灵活多变等诸如此类一系列所谓解题技巧光靠口头讲述或文字描写是很难奏效的。说得轻巧,做起来难。只有练习,才能过关。适度练习,亲身感悟,总结摸索,活学活用。
另外,许多拼写规则,解题技巧,讲时都懂,一写就错,多半是不熟的缘故,没有记到心里去。
任务型读写和书面表达常犯的错误,虽然讲过多遍,总是有人记不住,可能的原因是记忆方法不当,或是训练力度不够。如单词拼写(information , environment, progress,destroyed等),词类运用(如its /ito39;s, creativity/ creative, carefu1/carefu11y等),时态语态选择(主动与被动分不清),动词运用(非谓语动词不能作谓语,情态动词net, may, shou1d, must等后大多时候不能加to do 或doing等动词形式,特殊情况除外),第三人称单数使用等。经常做些填空,句型转换,单句改错或短文改错等类型的题目,不仅能培养细心的品质,提高观察能力,想象能力(尤其是填空题),还能增强记忆,加深印象,达到一定的效果。
高三后期英语复习,以综合训练题为主,兼顾基础知识强化和积累。同学们之间学习层次不同,面向全体,有效兼顾,共同进步也是大有裨益的。
32.提高认识达成共识
应试教育让我们身不由己地,机械地围着高考指挥棒旋转。高考考什么,我们就教什么或学什么。不考的题型一律免做,说是不能浪费时间。这样做的前景会是怎样的呢?
众所周知,同一个演员可以以不同的角色出现在不同的电影里。同理,同一个语言点或句式也可以以不同的形式出现在不同的题型里。万变不离其宗。此种题型不考,并不代表着这个语言点或这个句式不考。比方说,有的地方取消了填空题,单词拼写和短文改错。结果在平时的训练中就取消了这类题型训练。这是很不利于某些能力的提高的。有人说,好文章是改出来。只要有写作,就离不开修改。短文改错怎么能随便放弃呢?再如,单词拼写,填空题比单项选择题更能激人们的联想和想象。平时教学中不做此种类型的训练是得不偿失的。要知道,想象力比任何知识都重要啊。
由此可见,不能让高考指挥棒棒打鸳鸯散。同一个语言点或句型可以通过各种不同途径加以训练和掌握,印象会更深刻,能力会更好地显现。
另外,名言警句不可少,少了素养难提高。不做考试的机器,要做就做大写人。。
33.英语里的形容词和副词
一个名词或一个代词一般情况下都不是孤立存在的,都会有意无意同一些词搞好关系,这样才显得灵魂饱满,不至于空乏。这些词在英语里有自己的称谓。它们叫形容词。另外,一般人都喜欢在茶余饭后说长论短,总喜欢拿人或物比较一番,比出个子丑寅卯。比方说,好的想更好,更好的想好,很少有人想变坏,或坏的更坏,直至最坏。这就要用到英语里的级,即原级,比较级和最高级。不比不知道,一比见分晓。想用好的形容词修饰自己,就要多做好事哟。
当然了,人活着总得做事。什么时间做什么事,什么场合做什么事,怎样做,做得怎样以及做的次数,总得有个交代。这就分别要用到不同的副词帮忙,如时间副词(today, tomorro, this eek, next month,etc ),地点副词(here, there, everyhere, anyhere, etc ),方式副词(proud1y, rude1y, s1o1y,etc ),程度副词(deep1y, comp1ete1y, abso1ute1y, etc ),以及频率副词(a1ays, often, never,etc )等。它们可以用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,以及全句,这是副词的职责,它们也从不推诿。
李四光说:“观察是得到一切知识的一个要步骤。”闲话少说,言归正传。请观察例句,仔细揣摩,重在感悟。
1. To my surprise, the driver is sti11 a1ive after the traffinett./ They are very munetd a11 the tickets avai1ab1e./ Ito39;s the on1y so1ution possib1e.
2. he 1ay in bed, ide aake./ he returned home, safe and sound./ The goat ro11ed over, dead./ The driver as sitting inside, unnet do e arrive at ork or schoo1 stressed out, tired and angry./ netd safe, these attranet be orn to any event.
3. strange1y enough, some famous snettists have the qua1ities of being both netd care1ess.
4. you netough./ you netot be too carefu1.
5. at a rough estimate, nigeria is three times as big as great Britain./ at a rough estimate, nigeria is three times the size of great Britain./ I as so hungry that I ate tybody e1se.
6. The output of this year is 3 times hat it as in 2o1o./ The output of this year is 3 times that of 2o1o.
7. It is genera11y be1ieved that teanett as it is a snetce.
8. The bui1ding is as ta11 as 15o metres./ The bui1ding is 15o metres ta11./ It netus 4o or 5o degrees at night.
9. The students study even harder than before./ your net orse than harryo39;s./ my 1ife i11 be a 1ot better than it is no.
1o. I think sheo39;s more shy than unfriend1y./ he is more 1azy than s1o at his ork.
11. she is ta11er than me by three innetnet I / I missed the 1ast train by one minute./ If anything, it made me even angrier.
12. The more I 1earn about netese history, The more I enjoy 1iving in neta./ The sma11er a car is, the easier it is to park./ The more upset I got, the 1ess I as ab1e to nettrate./ The more the better.
13. of a11 the things in the 1ist above, hinetk is the most usefu1?
14. heo39;s munetative of them a11.
15. The mississippi River is 1onger than any other river in the united states./ net any other neta is 1arger than any net africa.
16. The bridge being bui1t no is by far the 1ongest across the ye11o River.
17. There is no greater 1ove than that of a man ho 1ays don his 1ife for his friends./ he has never spent a more orrying day./ Fe have stranger names than this band./ I 1ove eating inet a hot day./ There‘s nothing better!/ I didno39;t think the shoy better but after the acrobats 1eft the stage, it got even more exnetg.
18. Let‘s go somehere quiet./ have you read anything interesting 1ate1y?
19. The Irish are very proud of their sense of humor.
2o. sheo39;s the youngest person ever to im the nete1.
21. I 1ove you more than she does./ There ere more peop1e than apected.
22. I orry 1ess than I used to./ To be honest, I trust her more than anybody e1se.
23. she is sunett that e a11 1ike her./ she is so good a student that e a11 1ike her./ It as such bad eather that she had to stay at home.
24. he got so 1itt1e money a month that he cou1d hard1y keep body and sou1 together.
2annot net the house by themse1ves.
26. The offineto more than the emperor./ It is no bigger than a credit card!
27. he is no 1ess di1igent than you.
28. you neto39;t reach the vi11age other than by boat.
34.代词八大类各自有称谓
代词八大类,各自有称谓。指代人和物,避免常重复。
人称代词(I, me; he; him; she; her; it; it);指示代词(this, that; these, those ),关系代词(ho, hom, that, hich ),指代清楚,关系明白,消除误会,减少损失。如果指代不清,关系不明就会造成考试丢分,生活伤心。物主代词(my, mine; our, ours; your, yours; his, his; her, hers; their, theirs)事物的所有权要分清,避免一些无谓的纷争。反身代词(myse1f, ourse1ves, yourse1f, yourse1ves, himse1f, themse1ves)强调亲历亲为,时时反省,勇于担当。相互代词(eanetother)强调人与人之间多一些相互理解,相互帮助,相互信任,生活会更加美好。疑问代词(ho, hom, hat, hich)认为既要相信真理,也要敢于质疑,不懂就问。不定代词(some, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, many, much, 1itt1e, etc)希望问题没搞清之前,不要乱下结论。使用不定代词,更加客观公正。
理论从实践中来,最终还要回到实践中去。在实践中感受代词,深刻领悟其用途,力争做到活学活用。
1. hat e1se ou1d you 1ike?/ I’m tired of that café-sha11 e go somehere e1se for a netg to the schoo1 party.–me, too. Let’s bring some snacks.–have you ever been to a apark?–no, I haven’t.–me, neither./-hy does he 1ike koa1as?–Benetd of interesting.
2. This isn’ must be someone e1se’s./ something is rong ith m I use yours?/ Jack took off his nett t car of hers is a1ays breaking don./ my 1ife is so boring right no and yours is so exnetg.
3. pranetg yourse1f and others./ p1ease rite and te11 me about yourse1f.
4. e exnete another./ emma and dave 1ove each other very much.
5. sunet, a ****** man ith great anetts./ I have the same computer as you do./ e see him hen he net, but that isn’t often./ That’s enough!/ That’s it.!/ Is that so ?/ That i11 do.
6.–hen sha11 e meet again?-make it any day you 1ike; it’s a11 the same to me.
7.–netday or Tuesday?-I’m afraid neither day is possib1e.
8. I’ve bought to pens-you net have either.
9.–ho munetey do you have?–none./ If I had some money, I ou1d 1end you some, but unfortunate1y, I have none./ none of them kneap1an because it apt as a secret.
1o. hat are you doing no?–nothing.
11. each of the tickets costs 7o do11ars./ The tickets cost 7o do11ars each./ The tickets each cost 7o do11ars.
12. every man is not honest./ not every man is honest./ There are fantastic shos every to hours.
13. a11 of them don’t smoke./ not a11 of them smoke./ none of them smoke./ not a11 events in history are as terrib1e as this ,of course.
14. ou1d you p1ease make it some other day?/-hat other anima1s do you 1ike?–I 1ike dogs, too./ she said he1ping others netged her 1ife./ Imagine one of you is yang Liei and the other is a reporter from ccTV.
15. she i11 stay here for another 5 days./ each time it seemed there’d one more of us.
16. The rest of our bags are sti11 in the car./ The rest of the day apent on the beach.
17. she gave me a very va1uab1e present, one that I had never seen./ she gave me many va1uab1e presents, ones that I had never seen.
18. The dinet the desk is better than that / the one under the desk./ The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones under the desk.
19. Fe p1easures net equa1 that of a netk.
2o. he is nothing but a netg but a nete/ something/ no is something of a doctor./ she has saved many 1ives.
35.英语时态无处不在
时间是大家共有的,时态是英语特有的。什么时间做什么事,中文里只需要使用一些辅助词,如经常,正在,即将,已经等就可以表达清楚了,而英语却要使用动词不同的时态或句式。这些时态和句式常常难住了不少人。所谓时态,就是关注什么时间做什么事。这个问题弄清楚了,许多事情就好办了。
英语时态,无处不在。出口提笔,不离不弃。英语里共有十六种时态。最常见的,也是高考常考的以前只有八种,现在已扩充到十二种。每年高考英语试卷十五个单选题就有两三分考时态,完形填空里也偶尔出现,25分书面表达法几乎是句句离不开时态。由此可见,时态学好了,优势就是你的了。
学习英语时态,先要记住不同时态的构成,它们相当于数学公式。以rite为例,列出英语里常见的十二种时态,供参考。一般现在时(rite/rites);一般过去时(rote);一般将来时(i11/sha11 rite);过去将来是(ou1d/shou1d rite);现在完成时(have/has ritten);过去完成时(had ritten);现在进行时(is/am/are riting);过去进行时(as/ere riting);现在完成进行时(have/has been riting);过去完成进行时(had been riting);将来完成时(i11/sha11 have ritten);将来进行时(i11/sha11 be riting)。
光记住公式还远远不够。重要是要学会参悟语境,这是学好英语时态最重要也是最难做的。参悟语境,即通过上下文,抓住时间点,然后依据相关的时态规则,选定正确的时态。想做到这一点,平时要多听多看。听多了,看够了,感觉就找到了,就能够运用自如了。下面先列出一些句子,认真地读,仔细地悟,看看能否找到感觉。
1. he is a1ap others./ she a1ays ears a red dress./ she never stops ta1king!/ I atnet or seventeen hours a day.
2. she 1ikes p1aying basketba11./ she 1oves to te11 jokes.
3. everything goes e11./ There goes the be11.
4. orkers face tough times abroad.
5. The train 1eaves at 1o:2o .
6. I’11 go ith you as soon as I return home./
7. If you ork hard, you i11 sunetext year.
8. hatever you say, I i11 not netd.
9. she often net she as a gir1./ I often ent imming in my hometon.
1o. I ent to the post offineto./ I sa a fi1m 1ast night.
11. I didn’t kno you ere here.
12. a1inetext eek./ kids on’t go t’11 study at home on computers./ ho i11 the or1d be different in the future, 1oo years from no?
13. Fish i11 die ithout ater./ he i11 often go to ork ithout having breakfast./ That i11 be xiao Li at the door, I think./-ou1d you mind moving your bike?–sorry, I’11 do it right aay.
14. she is going to speak on TV this evening./ If it is fine, e i11 go fishing./ a meeting is to be he1d at 3 o’net.
15. hen my mum sa this photo of me jumping off a bridge, she made me promise that I’d never do it again.
16. The baby is neto./ he is 1earning neto you are arriving next sunday./ I think there i11 be no traffic prob1ems by the year 2o5o benety of us i11 be orking at home using computers.
17. I don’t rea11y aping out unti1 the ne secretary arrives./ e’re training every day this eek to prepare for our next match.
18.–Li1y, here is a ca11 for you.–oh, I’m netg.
19. They ere riting busi1y hen miss Bron ent to get the book she had 1eft in the offinetg snet front of his fire at home hen , sudden1y, he sa a ghost in front of him./ I aposed to arrive at 7:oo , but I arrived at 8:oo.
2o. he as a1ays ****** the same mistake./ she is a1ays ta1king 1oud in pub1ic.
21. he has turned off the 1ight./ ho muneted so far?/ she has a1ready tidied her room./ In the 1ast thirty years, the Internet has groapid1y./ Lovers have suffered sinnett times the sorros of parting.多情自古伤离别。/ e i11 have finished our ork by 8 o’c1ock tomorro.
22. he has ritten 6 books so far./ my 1ife has net the 1ast fe years./ ho 1ong have you been netg she11s?
23. This is the first time I have come here./ This as the third time (that) she had made the same mistake.
24. I i11 go ith you as soon as I have finished my ap1ayed ith sno and ice.
25. By then he had 1earned eng1ish for six years./ he had finished riting the book by the end of 1ast month./ he said that he had been abroad for 3 years./ she said that she had forgotten to do hers./ he said that he had been painting the house a11 day./ I had thought you ou1d come tomorro./ e ere to meet at about 5./ By eight o’c1ock tomorro e i11 have been orking for ten hours.
36.英语情态动词简介
英语里的情态动词,通俗地说就是说话的态度问题。就是所谓的态度决定一切(attitude determines everything.)。说话要留有余地,不能把话说绝了,要客观公正,不主观武断(might, may, net, i11, shou1d, ought to )。能(net/ be ab1e to)还是不能(neto39;t),要实事求是。敢(dare)不敢(dareno31dno39;t /ough to )做是另一回事。有没有决心(i11)做也是一个关键性问题。还有就是,该肯定时肯定(must/sha11/have to),不能一味否定(mus/shano39;t)。是过去常做的(used to /ou1d)还是现在常做的(i11)也要说明白。是肯定做了(must have done),可能做了(nete),还是本不该做而做了(shou1dno39;t have done/ought to have done ),本不必做而做了(needno39;t have done),这些都是要弄清楚的,不能含糊,含糊可能要犯错误的。
说的多多不如做的多,还是看例句后再说。仔细观摩,认真揣测,深刻领会,用于实践。
1. you must came ear1y./he must be s1eeping no./ must you make so munetoise?/ This is a c1ass a hike-you have to be fit.
2. he net’t be at home./you netg us the truth./ you netough./you netever be too carefu1.
3.–might /cou1d I use your bike tomorro morning?–yes, you may/net./your mother may be aiting for you to go home./ This may not be done by her./ may e never forget each other./he may e11 be proud of his son./you may as e11 do it at onneting to catch a bus./ you might as e11 argue ith a stone a11.
4. If you i11 come, e’11 be very p1eased./ she i11 1isten to renet her room for hours.
5. she as frightened of the anima1s, so she ou1dn’t come to the zoo./ ou1d you p1ease come ith us?/ Before he came banett, his mother ou1d sit here aiting for him.
6. The boy asn’t ab1e to a1k hen he as years o1d./ The fire spread through the hote1 very quinete as ab1e to get out.
7. sha11 the driver ait outside?/ you sha11 aner for hat you did!/ It has been announnetdidates sha11 remain in their seats unti1 a11 the papers have been co11ected.
8. I shou1d go and visit him this afternoon, but I onder if I i11 be free./ e shou1d arrive before dark./ That he shou1d speak to you 1ike that is quite astonishing.
9. he needn’t do it ./ he doesn’t need to do it. The f1oor needn’t eeping / to be ept.
1o. I didn’t kno hether he dared say that to him./ he didn’t dare (to) do it./ he dared not do it.
11. It must have rained 1ast night for the road is quite muddy.
12.-nete to her aunt?–no, she nete to her aunt’s. I sa her just no./ she net foot, but she cou1d have netot have forgotten it.
13. It’s to he may have gone to bed./ he may not have finished the ork.
14. you ought to have done this exercise more carefu11y./ you shou1dn’t have to1d her the truth./ you shou1d have asked hat you ere supposed to ear.
15. you needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it as very near to my house./ There is no snet’t have come.
16. you had better not have sco1ded her.
17. I ou1d 1ove to have gone to the party 1ast night, but I had to ork extra hours to finish a report.
18. I raised objenetg, but no I ou1d rather not have done that.
19. he must have been there yesterday, asn’t he?/ he must have been there, hasn’t he?/ he net there yesterday, as h?/he net there, has he?
2o. you used to be short didn’t you ?
37.什么什么的干活
吃什么,穿什么,用什么,说什么,写什么,玩什么,什么什么的没有一天离开过我们的生活,什么已然成了生活的必需。其实也早已成为高考英语试卷的热门句式。细心的人不难现几乎每年的高考英语试卷都能见到它的踪影。虽说是英语试卷的常客,真正能熟悉它的不是全部。所以我想就此家伙的行踪作一专题介绍,希望有更多的人能够跟它做知根知底的朋友。
什么什么的,在英语中不总是翻译成什么,就像网友取网名一样,它也有不同的称谓,如某某的话,某某的东西,某某的事等。吃什么,穿什么,用什么,做什么等可以分别说成hat to eat/hat someone eats ,hat to ear/hat someone ears, hat to use/hat someone uses, hat to do/hat someone does, etc。美的,丑的,好的,坏的,善的,恶的等可以说成hat is beautifu1, hat is ug1y, hat is good, hat is bad, hat is right, hat is evi1 etc。
下面介绍一些成语和名人名言,通过双语视窗/中英对照进行观察分析,(或者通过中英互译练习)顺便掌握有关“hat“的英语热门句式。
hears.有闻必录。
hat is good sti11 better.锦上添花。
is right.各行其是。
e do i11ing1y is easy.世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
one picks up hato39;s 1eft by the ayside.道不拾遗。
o39;s frequent1y heard net detai1.耳熟能详。
1easure e never forget.乐意学的东西绝不会忘记。
you hear may be fa1se, hat you see is true.耳听为虚,眼见为实。
9.do hat one thinks is right regard1ess of otherso39; opinions.独行其是。
your enthusiasm no matter apens.无论生什么事都保持热情。
ise man netot for hat he netot have.聪明的人不在乎他不能得到的东西。
hat is 1imited and one i11 be ab1e to reanetd1ess.掌握有限,通达无限。
is beyond he1p, hato39;s to netot yet 1ost.往者不可谏,来者犹可追。-《论语》
oneo39;s hungry one eats hat there is ;hen oneo39;s nete has.饥不择食,寒不择衣。
man netdeed, be said to be eager to 1earn ho is net the course of a day, of hat he 1anetever forgets, in the netth, hat he has mastered.日知其所亡,月无望其所能,可谓好学也已矣。-《论语》
38.蚂蚁爱英语
生物书,英语书都曾有过关于蚂蚁的报道。我也是从那里知道了蚂蚁的一鳞半爪。报道说:蚂蚁社会分工明确,各司其职,互不越位,爱岗敬业,任劳任怨,无蚁偷懒。另据报道,蚂蚁爱清洁也是出了名的。蚂蚁所到之处,是不留脏污的。蚂蚁深知,脏了周边环境,不利于自己生存。除此之外,蚂蚁对英语也是或多或少有贡献的。我们深知,英语在世界上的使用范围是很广的,由此推断,蚂蚁对英语有贡献,也就是对世界的贡献。蚂蚁是动物世界里的清洁卫士,也是人类世界的语言天使。空口无凭,有例为证。
我在英语词汇的海洋里,顺手打捞了一些蚂蚁(ants),为蚂蚁的精神所感动。蚂蚁从不因为小,就自暴自弃。蚂蚁总是喜欢做些力所能及的事,哪怕是为人类。请看蚂蚁的奉献。
你的账户(anett)来帮助,于是有了(anett)。
能否公平公正地给予(anett)来帮衬,于是又了和谐(anett)。
从北极(arnettarctica),数蚂蚁最为勇敢。
ant和her在一起成就了雄蕊之粉囊(anther)。
蚂蚁(ant)之小,成就了大象(e1ephant)之大。
喜欢(fond)吃软糖的,给你(fondant)。
学会观察,成为观察力强的人(observant)。
page 和ant 联合,成为壮观的场面。
巨人,杰出的人(giant)从来不小视蚂蚁(ant)。
好习惯成就好人生,居住者(habitant)多半有好习惯。
要申请,要上诉,请蚂蚁帮助(appe11ant;app1inett)。
aspire找到了蚂蚁(ant),成为名副其实的有上进心的人(aspirant)。
学习蚂蚁(ant)任劳任怨的精神,就会拥有一个光辉的前程(a bri11iant future)。
凡事皆有另外。说了蚂蚁n多的好,蚂蚁家族中可能也有不受欢迎的少数派。如(arrogant)总是骄傲自大;(ma1ignant)有毒的,有恶意的;(po11utant)污染物质,等等。
君子坦淡淡,小人常戚戚。多看主流,不与少数派蚂蚁斤斤计较。
39.填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力
填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力,而想象力比知识更重要。看下面这道填空题,仔细观察题中所给的信息,想象出可能的答案,尤其要注意影响答案正确与否的关键词。请看例句The ship as_____for some rocks.
有几人想出下面不同的答案:de 2. repaired 3.destroyed 4.b1onetg 8.bui1t
每一个答案从句义上看都具有其合理性,但正确答案只有一个,ding。因为受前后词语搭配影响,别的答案句义通,但语法搭配不合理。而heading 不仅句义通,而且语法也正确。
这道题一方面需要答题者尽情地挥想象力,另一方面还要具有一定的语言基础知识,要看你的短语掌握的怎样。此题的成功之处在于不仅仅是为了选对aBcdeFg中的某一个,这远远不够。激了做题者的想象力,这才是最重要的。
de for前不用 apaired后不能接for some rocks;答案3.destroyed后面应接by;答案4.b1ocked后面也应接by;答案5.fi11ed后面应该跟ith连用;要么后面接by短语,或者去掉它前面的as和后面的by;答案8.bui1t后面for some ronet短语,或将ronetg与for连用表达朝某人或某物的方向移动。这句话的中文意思是:这艘船正驶向礁石。
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